Minimal Exposure for Outstanding CT Images

With the development of the Stellar detectors, Siemens has increased the sensitivity of its computer tomography (CT) detectors to an unprecedented level. CT scanners are equipped with one or two X-ray tubes that rotate around the patient. A detector is positioned opposite each tube. Bones and body tissue attenuate X-rays to different degrees. The detectors register the X-rays and transform them into digital signals. The results are high-resolution CT images.

The new Stellar detectors can generate images of even higher quality than was previously the case, even if lower X-ray dosages are used. As a consequence, a Stellar-equipped scanner such as the Somatom Definition Flash can, for example, make a complete scan of the heart in less than one-third of a second and still achieve a resolution of 0.30 millimeters. What's more, the exposure to radiation is significantly reduced. Thanks to the short scanning times, patients can be examined without having to take beta blockers that lower their heart rate. Obese people can also be examined more easily as the Stellar detectors provide good images even if the X-ray signals are extremely attenuated by thick layers of fat tissue. The same applies to scans made with extremely low doses of radiation, such as those used to examine children and pregnant women.

The key to achieving such a high level of sensitivity is an all-new detector technology that almost totally eliminates the "noise" of the electronic components. The CT detector contains scintillator crystals that first convert the incoming X-rays into visible light. Photodiodes then convert the light into an analogue electrical signal, which is subsequently digitized. The digital data is used to create cross-sectional images without any overlap. The length of the electrical connection between the analogue components influences the signal-noise ratio and thus the detector's sensitivity. It was decided to reduce the length of the cables, which are only a few centimeters long, to a minimum. To this end, in conjunction with Siemens' global research unit Corporate Technology and the microchip manufacturer AMS, Siemens Healthcare developed a chip with an integrated circuit as well as photodiodes and analogue-digital converters. The new detector is not only more sensitive than previous systems but also consumes 80 percent less energy.

Source: Siemens AG